This manual is the fourth in a series of load calculation manuals published by ASHRAE. The first in the series, Cooling and Heating Load Calculation Manual, by William Rudoy and Joseph Cuba, was published in 1980. A second edition, by Faye McQuiston and myself, was published in 1992 and focused on new developments in the transfer function method and the cooling load temperature difference method. Subsequent to the second edition, ASHRAE Technical Committee 4.1, Load Calculations Data and Procedures, commissioned additional research. This research led to the adaptation of the heat balance method for use in load calculation procedures and development of the radiant time series method (RTSM) as the recommended simplified procedure. Both methods were presented in the third volume of this series— Cooling and Heating Load Calculation Principles, by Curtis Pedersen, Daniel Fisher, Richard Liesen, and myself. The Load Calculation Applications Manual, also sponsored by TC 4.1, builds on the past three, and some parts are taken directly from previous versions. New developments in data and methods have led to numerous revisions. This manual, intended to be more applications-oriented, includes extensive step-by-step examples for the RTSM. This work, more so than many technical books, represents the work of many individuals, including the following: • Authors, named above, of the previous three versions • Numerous ASHRAE volunteers and researchers who have developed material for the ASHRAE Handbook that has now been incorporated • Members of the Project Monitoring Subcommittee, including Chris Wilkins, Steve Bruning, Larry Sun, and Bob Doeffinger, who have provided extensive comments, guidance, and direction • My graduate student, Bereket Nigusse, who has developed most of the spreadsheets underlying the examples and whose doctoral research has led to a number of developments in the RTSM that are incorporated into this manual The contributions of all of these individuals are gratefully acknowledged.
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Objective: Sharpen the understanding of the technical, economic, institutional and human factors that contribute to the gap between potential and actual energy performance. Develop additional tools and methods to maximize the actual energy performance of buildings. Document the energy savings and improvements in performance that can be realized through use of these tools and methods. Goal 2: Progress toward Advanced Energy Design Guides (AEDG) and cost-effective net-zero-energy (NZE) buildings. Active ASHRAE Research Project(s) that fall under this plan include: 1651-RP, " Development of Maximum Technically Achievable Energy Targets for Commercial Buildings (Ultra Low Energy Use Building Set) " , Sponsored by: MTG.ET, Energy Targets Objectives: Developing net-zero-energy buildings can produce technologies and designs for improving efficiency of energy use in all buildings. In the United States, the current installed base of about 5 million commercial buildings and 120 million residential dwelling units consumes about 40 quads of energy every year. By 2030, floor space in commercial buildings is expected to grow by 48 percent and residential units will grow by 27 percent.1 Even limited deployment of NZE buildings in this timeframe will have a beneficial effect by reducing the pressure for additional energy and power supply and the concomitant reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. A further need related to advanced energy designs is development of energy efficiency retrofit systems for the current installed base. While NZE may not always be economically practical, especially for retrofit, aspects of NZE designs will offer significant energy reduction opportunities. Goal 3: To reduce significantly the energy consumption for HVAC&R, water heating and lighting in existing homes. Active ASHRAE Research Project(s) that fall under this plan include: NONE Objectives: The U.S. housing sector consumes approximately 11 quads of energy annually (4.4 for heating, 0.9 for air conditioning, 2.2 for water heating, 2.8 for lights and appliances, 0.5 for refrigeration). The objective is to reduce the energy for low-rise residential space conditioning and water heating while maintaining or improving the homes' comfort and indoor air quality. While current residential energy efficiency measures are well-understood by the industry, the average home is not energy efficient. In addition to developing improved energy efficiency technologies, improvements are needed in deployment of new and existing techniques. This includes educating and motivating homeowners, facilitating the identification of appropriate measures and properly training contractors to install them and financing retrofit energy efficiency.
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